高温干旱复合胁迫对花生幼苗生理指标的影响

为探讨高温和干旱复合胁迫下的花生幼苗对逆境的响应机制，以抗逆性存在差异的花生品种豫花9719和豫花9326为试验材料，对其幼苗进行昼夜温度为45℃/25℃、土壤含水量为35%~40%左右的高温和干旱复合胁迫处理，研究复合胁迫对花生幼苗生长及生理特性的影响。结果表明：胁迫条件下，豫花9719的株高和干重分别比对照组低44.3%和30.2%，差异达极显著水平；含水量、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、花青素的含量均低于对照，其中叶绿素a的含量低4.88%，差异达显著水平，花青素含量低18.14%，差异达极显著水平；PRI、PI、Gs、Pn值分别比其对照组低12%、50.31%、75.2%、72.3%，差异均达极显著水平；MDA含量和相对电导率分别比对照组高93.1%和29.93%，差异均达显著水平；可溶性蛋白和类黄酮含量分别比对照组高104.5%和41.00%，差异均达显著水平；SOD和CAT活性分别比对照组低0.91%和3.29%，差异不显著。豫花9326的株高比其对照组低33.6%，差异达极显著水平，干重降幅不显著；含水量、类胡萝卜素、花青素的含量均比对照组低，但差异均不显著；叶绿素a和叶绿素b的含量分别比对照组高19.44%和3.39%，其中叶绿素a差异达极显著水平； PRI、PI、Gs、Pn值均比对照低，差异均不显著；MDA含量和相对电导率均比对照组高，但差异均不显著；可溶性蛋白和类黄酮含量分别比对照组高271.33%和48.96%，差异均达极显著水平；SOD和CAT活性分别比对照组高70.11%和68.8%，增幅均达显著水平。推测豫花9326对高温和干旱复合胁迫的抗性较高，主要与其较为强大的抗氧化防御系统及光合系统有关。     

饲养方式对产蛋前母鸡肉质、肌肉物理特征和感官评价的影响

文章旨在研究不同饲养方式对产蛋前蛋鸡胸肌和腿肌化学成分、物理特征和感官评价的影响。试验选择1日龄海兰褐壳蛋鸡900只,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复60只。蛋鸡在1~10周龄和11~20周龄时分别饲喂相同的生长前期和生长后期日粮,3个组蛋鸡分别通过笼养、平养(稻谷粉作为垫料)和散养。试验结束后,对蛋鸡屠宰,收集胸肌和腿肌进行分析。结果:平养和笼养组蛋鸡胸肌粗脂肪含量较散养组分别显著提高114.81%和74.07%(P<0.05),但散养组蛋鸡胸肌铁含量较平养组显著提高37.99%(P<0.05),同时胶原含量较笼养组显著提高25.28%(P<0.05)。散养组蛋鸡腿肌粗脂肪和能量含量最低(P<0.05),但散养组粗蛋白质、铁、锌含量分别较笼养组显著提高8.85%、40.26%和17.16%(P<0.05)。散养组蛋鸡胸肌硬度和韧性较笼养组分别显著提高42.69%和27.76%(P<0.05)。笼养组腿肌蒸煮损失较平养组显著提高8.01%(P<0.05),散养组腿肌硬度和韧性分别较平养组显著提高35.24%和133.25%(P<0.05)。与笼养组相比,散养组胸肌风味和咀嚼性显著高于笼养组(P<0.05),同时散养组胸肌总可接受度显著高于平养组(P<0.05)。散养组腿肌风味、多汁性和咀嚼性均显著高于笼养和平养组(P<0.05),同时该组总可接受度较平养组显著提高6.72%(P<0.05)。结论:散养产蛋前蛋鸡的感官指标表现最佳,同时腿肌和胸肌粗脂肪含量最低,粗蛋白质和胶原蛋白含量高,可以改善肌肉口感。     

Ostrich meat: Production,quality parameters,and nutritional comparison to other types of meats

The poultry industry is considered one of the most efficient industries in producing animal protein. Poultry production consists of several main segments: broilers, commercial eggs, turkeys, ducks, and other poultry, including geese, guinea-fowl, pheasants, quail, and ratites. Currently, ostrich meat is marketed as a healthy red meat because it is characterized by high polyunsaturated fatty acid contents, low saturated fatty acid content, and low cholesterol level compared with red meats, such as beef, while tasting similar to lean beef. Ostrich meat contains lower sodium and higher iron contents than other kinds of meat, making it preferable to hypertensive people and those with anemia. Taken together, ostrich meat is considered as an ideal red meat for individuals seeking healthier lifestyle. Moreover, many different ostrich products, such as leather and feathers, are used by people. The current review paper considers the quality characteristics of ostrich meat, including physical traits, and compares it to other types of meats, such as bovine and other poultry meats.     

The positive relationship between soil quality and crop production: A case study on the effect of farm compost application

In order to ensure sustainable agriculture, and for evaluating the effects of management practices on soil processes, tools for assessing soil quality are required. The development and use of a multiparameter index, which includes a wide range of soil properties, have been tested and found useful by several studies. However, soil quality measurements are ‘stand-alone’ tools unless they are either linked to important soil functions, used to characterize (agro)ecosystems or used to predict sustainability or productivity. In our study, the relationship between crop production and soil quality was assessed in a six year old field experiment studying the effect of farm compost (FC) amendment in a crop rotation of potato, fodder beet, forage maize and Brussels sprouts. To justify the hypothesis that repeated FC amendment results in both improved soil quality and consequently higher crop yields, a wide range of chemical, biological and physical soil properties were measured and integrated into a soil quality index (SQI). Next, crop yields were used as a functional goal to verify the causal relationship between SQI and crop production. Our results showed that there were significant changes in chemical, physical and biological soil quality as a result of repeated FC amendment. This was evidenced for example by a remarkable increase in both soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N content. Microbial biomass, the relative amount of bacterivorous nematodes and earthworm number were significantly increased as well and, together with SOC and total N, indicated as the dominant factors in assessing soil quality. The integration of these key indicators into the SQI revealed higher SQI values when FC was applied. In addition, crop yields were increased in all FC treated plots by which SOC was pointed out as the most important indicator influencing crop production. Finally, a causal relationship was observed between soil quality and the yield of potato and fodder beet. We conclude that our SQI may be a promising and useful tool to compare different (soil) management practices in relation to a strategic, regional goal, e.g., sustainable high yields. Before generalizing, we recommend a thorough validation of our SQI in other long-term field experiments.     

学校体育学学科发展历程与相关问题厘定

通过回顾新中国成立以来学校体育学发展的历程，发现这一学科的建立与发展主要呈现出如下特点：学校体育研究领域较为清晰，自身发展比较成熟，并体现出一定的规律性；适应了学科分化的趋势；在教育政策的支持下确立了学科地位；一大批学校体育工作者的不懈努力。通过梳理我国学校体育学研究成果，认为学校体育学是研究与揭示学校体育现象及其运行规律的一门相对独立的新兴学科，其研究对象是学校体育运行过程中的现象与规律。     

Adenosine protects Sprague Dawley rats from high‐fat diet and repeated acute restraint stress‐induced intestinal inflammation and altered expression of nutrient transporters

This study investigated the effect of repeated acute restraint stress and high‐fat diet (HFD) on intestinal expression of nutrient transporters, concomitant to intestinal inflammation. The ability of adenosine to reverse any change was examined. Six‐week‐old male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into eight groups: control or non‐stressed (C), rats exposed to restraint stress for 6 h per day for 14 days (S), control rats fed with HFD (CHF) and restraint‐stressed rats fed with HFD (SHF); four additional groups received the same treatments and were also given 50 mg/l adenosine dissolved in drinking water. Fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin, adiponectin and corticosterone were measured. Intestinal expression of SLC5A1, SLC2A2, NPC1L1 and TNF‐α was analysed. Histological evaluation was conducted to observe for morphological and anatomical changes in the intestinal tissues. Results showed that HFD feeding increased glucose and insulin levels, and repeated acute restraint stress raised the corticosterone level by 22%. Exposure to both stress and HFD caused a further increase in corticosterone to 41%, while decreasing plasma adiponectin level. Restraint stress altered intestinal expression of SLC5A1, SLC2A2 and NPC1L1. These changes were enhanced in SHF rats. Adenosine was found to alleviate HFD‐induced increase in glucose and insulin levels, suppress elevation of corticosterone in S rats and improve the altered nutrient transporters expression profiles. It also prevented upregulation of TNF‐α in the intestine of SHF rats. In summary, a combination of stress and HFD exaggerated stress‐ and HFD‐induced pathophysiological changes in the intestine, and biochemical parameters related to obesity. Adenosine attenuated the elevation of corticosterone and altered expression of SLC5A1, NPC1L1 and TNF‐α.     

耕作方式对豫西旱地麦-豆轮作田土壤理化特性和酶活性的影响

为探明耕作方式对豫西旱地麦-豆轮作田不同土层土壤理化特性和土壤酶活性的影响,设置免耕(NT)、旋耕(RT)和翻耕(PT)3种耕作方式,分析了定位试验9 a(2009—2019年)后小麦收获期的土壤容重、孔隙度和有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量,以及土壤脲酶、蛋白酶、转化酶和碱性磷酸酶活性,并运用相关分析和通径分析研究了土壤理化性质与土壤酶活性的关系。结果表明：不同耕作方式对土壤理化特性和酶活性具有显著的调控作用,其调控效应与其作业深度相关。RT较PT有利于降低0～15 cm土层但增加15～35 cm土层容重,NT较RT和PT显著降低了0～5、15～35、35～60 cm土层的土壤容重,土壤孔隙度变化规律与容重相反。各处理间土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷含量以及土壤脲酶、蛋白酶、转化酶和碱性磷酸酶活性在0～5 cm土层和15～35 cm土层规律一致,0～5 cm土层均以NT最优,分别较最低值处理(PT)显著提高16.7%、53.2%、15.9%、23.6%、18.0%、34.7%和29.0%;15～35 cm土层均以PT最优,分别较最低值处理(NT)显著提高18.3%、23.4%、53.4%、...     

华顶山云锦杜鹃林地土壤肥力分析

对华顶山上不同生长状况（正常开花与不正常开花）的云锦杜鹃林地土壤理化性质作分析比较，表明两林地土壤物理性较理想，土壤中有机碳，全氮，水解性氮及土壤有效态微量元素含量均在较适的范围之内；而不正常开花林地土壤中有效磷，速效盼望缺乏，氮磷钾比例失调，这可能是引起云锦杜鹃不能正常开花的原因之一。     

间伐强度对湿地松木材性质的影响规律研究

通过对不同间伐强度处理 (未间伐、弱度 (伐去株数 18 6 % )、中度 (伐去 35 7% )、强度 (伐去5 2 9% ) )的 19年生湿地松林分其林木木材的主要材性指标进行全面测试分析研究 ,结果表明 :间伐后 8a ,间伐强度对湿地松木材气干密度、全干密度、径向全干缩率、体积全干缩率、差异干缩、顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度、弹性模量、径向抗剪强度及端面硬度有显著影响 ;随着间伐强度的增大 ,树干年生长轮平均宽度、木材差异干缩是增大的 ,而随间伐强度的增加木材气干密度、全干密度有不同程度的减小 ,木材顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量、硬度等主要力学性质则是呈先增加后减小的趋势。